The Evolutionary Journey of Humans

Modern humans, Homo sapiens, originated in Africa about 300,000 years ago. Our species shares a common ancestor with the Neanderthals and Denisovans, who we interbred with during our migration out of Africa.

Unlike other predators, humans evolved to endure long distances. Our bipedal locomotion and ability to sweat efficiently make us exceptional long-distance runners, outlasting faster prey through persistence hunting.

The human brain is the largest in proportion to body size among primates. Its complex structure enables abstract thinking, art, language, and problem-solving - capabilities far beyond any other species.

All living humans descend from a 'Mitochondrial Eve,' who lived about 150,000-200,000 years ago. This common ancestor is not the first human, but the matrilineal source of all existing human mitochondrial DNA.

Language sets humans apart, enabling complex communication and cultural evolution. No other species uses language with such variety and nuance, which has been a key factor in our species' ability to dominate the planet.

Humans are unique in their extensive reliance on culture – the body of learned behaviors, beliefs, and artifacts that are passed on from generation to generation, advancing our adaptability and evolution.

Despite appearances, humans are one of the most genetically similar species. The variation between any two people is about 0.1% of our DNA – highlighting that our perceived differences are truly skin deep.